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|theorized = Murray Gell-Mann (1964) George Zweig (1964) |discovered = 1968, SLAC |symbol = |mass = 〔 〕 |decay_time = |decay_particle = Up quark |electric_charge = – ''e'' |color_charge = Yes |spin = |num_spin_states = |weak_isospin = |weak_hypercharge= }} The strange quark or s quark (from its symbol, ''s'') is the third-lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle. Strange quarks are found in subatomic particles called hadrons. Example of hadrons containing strange quarks include kaons (), strange D mesons (), Sigma baryons (), and other strange particles. Along with the charm quark, it is part of the second generation of matter, and has an electric charge of − ''e'' and a bare mass of .〔 Like all quarks, the strange quark is an elementary fermion with spin-, and experiences all four fundamental interactions: gravitation, electromagnetism, weak interactions, and strong interactions. The antiparticle of the strange quark is the strange antiquark (sometimes called ''antistrange quark'' or simply ''antistrange''), which differs from it only in that some of its properties have equal magnitude but opposite sign. The first strange particle (a particle containing a strange quark) was discovered in 1947 (kaons), but the existence of the strange quark itself (and that of the up and down quarks) was only postulated in 1964 by Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig to explain the ''Eightfold Way'' classification scheme of hadrons. The first evidence for the existence of quarks came in 1968, in deep inelastic scattering experiments at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. These experiments confirmed the existence of up and down quarks, and by extension, strange quarks, as they were required to explain the Eightfold Way. ==History== In the beginnings of particle physics (first half of the 20th century), hadrons such as protons, neutron and pions were thought to be elementary particles. However, new hadrons were discovered, the 'particle zoo' grew from a few particles in the early 1930s and 1940s to several dozens of them in the 1950s. However some particles were much longer lived than others; most particles decayed through the strong interaction and had lifetimes of around 10−23 seconds. But when they decayed through the weak interactions, they had lifetimes of around 10−10 seconds to decay. While studying these decays Murray Gell-Mann (in 1953)〔 〕〔 〕 and Kazuhiko Nishijima (in 1955)〔 〕 developed the concept of ''strangeness'' (which Nishijima called ''eta-charge'', after the eta meson ()) which explained the 'strangeness' of the longer-lived particles. The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is the result of these efforts to understand strange decays. However, the relationships between each particles and the physical basis behind the strangeness property was still unclear. In 1961, Gell-Mann〔 Original: 〕 and Yuval Ne'eman〔 Original 〕 (independently of each other) proposed a hadron classification scheme called the ''Eightfold Way'', or in more technical terms, SU(3) flavor symmetry. This ordered hadrons into isospin multiplets. The physical basis behind both isospin and strangeness was only explained in 1964, when Gell-Mann〔 〕 and George Zweig〔 〕〔 〕 (independently of each other) proposed the quark model, then consisting only of up, down, and strange quarks.〔 〕 Up and down quarks were the carriers of isospin, while the strange quark carried strangeness. While the quark model explained the Eightfold Way, no direct evidence of the existence of quarks was found until 1968 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.〔 〕〔 〕 Deep inelastic scattering experiments indicated that protons had substructure, and that protons made of three more-fundamental particles explained the data (thus confirming the quark model).〔 〕 At first people were reluctant to identify the three-bodies as quarks, instead preferring Richard Feynman's parton description,〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕 but over time the quark theory became accepted (see ''November Revolution'').〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Strange quark」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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